More than a thousand types of steel grades are available in the market. Each type of steel has unique properties. They are different because of their chemical composition and the way steel sheets are processed. One key difference between steel sheets is the difference between hot rolled vs cold rolled steel.
What is the Difference between Hot Rolling and Cold Rolling Steel?
The manufacturing process of steel has a significant impact on steel’s mechanical and physical properties. The difference between hot rolled and cold rolled steel is the way they are processed.
Hot rolled steel involves rolling the steel sheets above re-crystallization temperatures. Whereas cold rolled steel is processed at room temperature in cold reduction mills followed by annealing and tempering.
Each of these steels has its advantages, limitations, and applications. Understanding the difference between hot rolled and cold rolled steel will help you in selecting the best type of steel for your application. Click this link!! to know various materials used to manufacture sheet metal parts.
Hot Rolled Steel
Hot-rolling involves rolling steel billet above recrystallization temperature (above 900º C) in a series of rollers to achieve the required steel thickness. During complete processing, steel remains heated.
The size and shape of the hot rolled steel are less predictable because of shrinkage during the cooling of the steel. In other words, they are manufactured with a relatively large tolerance range and have a grey & scaly finish with good hardness.
Hot Rolled steel sheets are available in the thickness range of 1.6 mm to 10 mm. They have applications in fabrication & construction work (such as railway tracks, automotive frames, structural frames, low accuracy sheet metal parts, etc.) where aesthetics and part dimensions are not very important.
Advantage and Disadvantages of Hot Rolled Steel
Advantages of Hot Rolling
- Easy to manufacture
- Low processing cost.
- Free from internal stresses.
- Good hardness
Disadvantages of Hot Rolling Steel
- Dimensionally inaccurate.
- Shrinkage and warpage.
- Grey and scaly finish.
Cold Rolled Steel
Cold-rolling involves rolling steel billets in reduced mills below recrystallization temperature (room temperature).
During cold rolling, hot rolled steel is further processed at room temperature to have a smooth and shiny finish, closed thickness profile, good surface texture, and flatness.
Cold rolled steel will have higher yield strength and is available in the thickness range of 0.1 mm to 4 mm. Cold rolled steel application is in precision and quality fabrication work ( consumer electronics and telecom products, metal furniture, automobile industry, etc.)
Advantage and Disadvantages of Hot Rolled Steel
Advantages of Cold-rolled Steel
- High yield strength.
- Close thickness profile.
- Smooth and shiny surface finish
Disadvantages of Cold-rolled Steel
- High processing cost compared to the hot rolling process.
- Internal stresses may generate.
Hot Rolled vs Cold Rolled Steel
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